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In Turkmen Family, the Eldest Son Has a Very Special Responsibility

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President of Turkmenistan since 2007

Arkadag

Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (2017-10-11).jpg

Berdimuhamedow in 2017
2nd President of Turkmenistan

Incumbent

Assumed office
14 February 2007
Acting: 21 Dec 2006 – 14 February 2007
Vice President Raşit Meredow
Preceded by Saparmurat Niyazov
Leader of the Democratic Party
In role
four August 2007 – xviii Baronial 2013
Acting: 21 Dec 2006 – iv August 2007
Preceded by Saparmurat Niyazov
Succeeded by Kasymguly Babaev
3rd Vice President of Turkmenistan
In role
one March 2001 – fourteen February 2007
President Saparmurat Niyazov
Himself (acting)
Preceded by Orazgeldi Aydogdiyev
Succeeded past Raşit Meredow
Chairman of the People's Quango of Turkmenistan

Incumbent

Assumed function
14 Apr 2021
Preceded by Orazgeldi Aydogdiyev
Succeeded by Raşit Meredow
Personal details
Born (1957-06-29) 29 June 1957 (historic period 64)
Babarap, Turkmen SSR, USSR
(at present Turkmenistan)
Nationality Turkmen
Political political party Contained (2013–present)
Other political
affiliations		 Democratic (earlier 2013)
Spouse(southward) Ogulgerek Berdimuhamedova
Children 4, including Serdar
Parent(due south) Malikguly Berdimuhamedov
Ogulabat Kurrayeva
Alma mater Turkmen State Medical Plant
Profession Dentist
Military service
Allegiance Turkmenistan
Co-operative/service Turkmen Basis Forces
Rank General of the Army (since 2007)[1]

Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow [a] [b] [c] [12] (born 29 June 1957), also known as Arkadag (Cyrillic: Аркадаг), is a Turkmen politician who has been serving as the president of Turkmenistan since xiv February 2007.

A dentist by profession, Berdimuhamedow served in the government under President Saparmurat Niyazov as Minister of Health beginning in 1997 and every bit Vice-President starting time in 2001. He became Acting President following Niyazov's death on 21 Dec 2006 and afterwards won the February 2007 presidential ballot. He faced no meaningful opposition in the vote and won by an overwhelming margin (89.23%).[13] In the February 2012 presidential election, he was re-elected with 97% of the vote. In the February 2017 presidential ballot, he was re-elected to a third term with 97.69% of the votes.[14] [15] He was among candidates elected to the People'southward Quango of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Halk Maslahaty) on 28 March 2021, as a member from Ahal province.[16] He reportedly received 100% of votes from the electors.[17] On 14 Apr 2021, he was unanimously elected chairman of the People's Quango, the upper sleeping room of the Turkmen parliament.[xviii] [nineteen]

Like his predecessor, Berdimuhamedow rules an authoritarian regime where he is the subject of a personality cult. According to Man Rights Watch, Berdimuhamedow, his relatives, and his assembly possess and exercise unlimited power over all aspects of public life.[20] [21]

Berdimuhamedow has signalled his intention to step down as president in March 2022 subsequently an early presidential election, and has fuelled speculation that he is preparing his son Serdar Berdimuhamedow as his successor.

Early years [edit]

Berdimuhamedow was born on 29 June 1957 in Babarap, in what is now Gökdepe District, Ahal Province, to Malikguly Berdimuhamedovich Berdimuhamedov (12 August 1932 – 18 April 2021)[22] and Ogulabat Atayevna Kurrayeva.[23] He is the only son in a family of 6 children. Berdimuhamedow'due south father worked as a senior Interior Ministry officeholder in a prison baby-sit disengagement. He retired as a colonel of police.[24] His granddaddy, Berdimuhamet Annayev, was a local teacher who served in the Red Regular army during Earth War Two as part of the 748th Burglarize Regiment of the 206th Rifle Division of the 2nd Ukrainian Front.[25] In September 1943, his unit of measurement was ane of the commencement to cross the Dnieper River.[26] He was afterwards killed in the 1948 Ashgabat convulsion.[27]

Berdimuhamedow graduated from the Turkmen State Medical Institute in 1979 and entered a career in dentistry.[28] He too received a PhD in medical sciences in Moscow.[28] By 1992 he had become part of the dentistry faculty at the Medical Institute. In 1995, during the dominion of Saparmurat Niyazov, he became caput of the dentistry center of the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry.[29] He was appointed to the government equally Minister of Health in 1997, and he was additionally appointed as Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (also referred to equally Deputy Prime Minister, despite the lack of a Prime number Ministerial mail in Turkmenistan), a post alike to that of a Vice-President, in 2001.[30] [31] In April 2004, Niyazov suspended Berdimuhamedow'southward salary for iii months considering healthcare workers were not being paid.[29]

The Health Ministry building was responsible for conveying out Niyazov's gild to close all hospitals outside of the national and provincial capitals in 2005.[32]

President of Turkmenistan [edit]

Narendra Modi and Berdimuhamedow during his visit to Ashgabat on 11 July 2015

Following Niyazov's decease in Dec 2006, the State Security Quango of Turkmenistan appointed Berdimuhamedow interim president.[33] The Council stated in its proclamation that Öwezgeldi Ataýew, who, as the Chairman of the Assembly of Turkmenistan was to have become the acting president, was not appointed "in view of the fact that the prosecutor-general had instituted criminal proceedings against him".[34]

Berdimuhamedow with Petro Poroshenko, the President of Ukraine, in October 2015.

Article 60 of the Turkmen Constitution stipulated that the interim president "may non represent election to the Presidency",[35] which would have barred Berdimuhamedow from running in the 2007 presidential elections. However, on 24 December 2006, the People's Quango voted to remove this provision, making him eligible for the election equally one of the six chosen candidates, all members of the Democratic Political party of Turkmenistan.[36] Berdimuhamedov was supported by the political aristocracy,[37] and the official results showed him as winning 89% of the vote.[13] [38] Berdimuhamedow'southward date equally interim president and subsequent run for president, however, violated the constitution.[39]

In his offset presidential trip abroad, Berdimuhamedov visited Kingdom of saudi arabia in mid-April 2007. There he performed the Umrah pilgrimage and met with King Abdullah.[twoscore] He and then visited Russia and President Vladimir Putin at the stop of the same month.

Later on taking function, Berdimuhamedow reversed several of Niyazov's more eccentric policies. Net cafés offering free and uncensored web access opened in Ashgabat,[41] compulsory pedagogy was extended from nine to ten years and classes in sports and foreign languages were re-introduced into the curriculum, and the government announced plans to open several specialised schools for the arts.[42] He called for reform of teaching, wellness intendance and pension systems, and regime officials of non-Turkmen indigenous origin who had been sacked by Niyazov were allowed to return to work.[43] He also restored the pensions of 100,000 elderly people whose pensions Niyazov had slashed in the face of an unspecified upkeep crunch.[44] Later on, he reopened the Turkmen Academy of Sciences, which had been closed past Niyazov.[45]

In Feb 2017, he was reelected to a third term as President of Turkmenistan (seven-year term) with near 98% of the votes in his favor and with an eligible voter turnout of 97%.[46] [47] In October 2017, he offered a peak Turkmen-bred variety of the Fundamental Asian shepherd dog to Vladimir Putin.[48]

He is president of the National Olympic Committee of Turkmenistan.[49]

In 2020, Berdimuhamedow was among eight world leaders to have received the Ig Nobel Prize in Medical Educational activity "for using the COVID-19 viral pandemic to teach the globe that politicians tin can accept a more than immediate effect on life and death than scientists and doctors can".[50] In November of the aforementioned year, he unveiled a aureate statue of his favourite canis familiaris breed, the Primal Asian shepherd.[51]

Berdimuhamedow replaced the Interior Minister Mammetkhan Chakiyev with his deputy Ovezdurdy Khojaniyazov on ane July 2021. Khojaniyazov has footling public contour to speak of, simply 1 of his most contempo positions, as of May at to the lowest degree, was as deputy head of the Awaza tourist recreation zone.[52] The previous Interior Minister, Iskender Mulikov, was arrested, sentenced to a lengthy prison term on corruption charges, and shown on land idiot box handcuffed in a prison house robe with his head shaved.[53]

In July 2021, Berdimuhamedow ordered the deployment of troops and heavy weapons and armour on the Afghanistan–Turkmenistan edge, in order to avert a spillover of the Afghan conflict into Turkmenistan.[54] [55]

In Feb 2022, it was reported from Reuters that Berdimuhamedow is planning to resign after an early presidential election on March 12,[56] fuelling speculation that he is preparing for his son Serdar to take over equally side by side President.[57]

Criticism [edit]

Accusations of totalitarianism [edit]

External video
video icon Turkmenistan'south president announces finish of free gas, electricity, h2o, and salt
video icon Turkmen president visits local village

Upon taking office, Berdimuhamedow eased travel restrictions and reopened libraries in rural areas. He too took steps to curb Niyazov'south extensive personality cult. He called for an cease to the elaborate pageants of music and dancing that formerly greeted the president on his arrival anywhere, and said that the Turkmen "sacred oath", part of which states that the speaker's natural language should shrivel if he ever speaks sick of Turkmenistan or its president, should not exist recited multiple times a day but reserved for "special occasions."[58] He also gave up his right to rename any landmarks, institutions, or cities,[59] restored the traditional names of the months of the year and days of the week (Niyazov had renamed them after himself and his mother, among other things),[60] and announced plans to movement the gold rotating statue of Niyazov from Ashgabat's key square.[61]

Despite these changes, Berdimuhamedow'south regime remained disciplinarian; indeed, in 2007, he ruled out any motility toward Western-fashion democracy.[62] According to international observers, Berdimuhamedow's authorities is reckoned as "one of the most oppressive" and "airtight" regimes in the world. Freedom Firm has consistently placed Turkmenistan at or most the bottom of its Freedom in the World rankings since the country'due south independence, a situation that has continued since Berdimuhamedow took office. In 2017, the state was 1 of 11 with the lowest amass scores for political and civil rights.[63] Homo Rights Watch noted that Berdimuhamedow not just has complete command over public life, simply presides over a regime that does not tolerate "alternative political or religious expression" and has complete control over the media.[64] Reporters Without Borders (RSF) has ranked Turkmenistan near the bottom of its Press Freedom Index for well-nigh of Berdimuhamedow's tenure, as it did under Niyazov. In 2017, RWB ranked Turkmenistan 178th out of 180 countries surveyed, ahead of Eritrea and Democratic people's republic of korea. RSF noted that internet access is heavily censored in Turkmenistan, and that satellite dishes have been removed by government officials.[65]

In 2008, he dismissed Akmyrat Rejepow, the longtime chief of the presidential security detail and 1 of the primary proponents of Niyazov'southward personality cult.[66] In 2011, he sang a vocal on a video posted to YouTube.[67]

In May 2013, he savage off his horse during a race. The autumn was censored on TV but leaked online,[68] and mocked on an episode of HBO'due south Final Week Tonight with John Oliver in 2019.[69]

In July 2013, Jennifer Lopez publicly apologized for singing Happy birthday! to Berdimuhamedow during a sponsored concert, stating she was not aware of the man rights problems in Turkmenistan prior to the show.[seventy] In August 2013, Berdimuhamedow suspended his Democratic Party of Turkmenistan membership for the duration of his presidency, ostensibly to remain "to a higher place partisan politics" and "promote a multiparty arrangement."[71]

In 2015, a golden statue of Berdimuhamedow riding a horse atop a white-marble cliff was erected in Ashgabat.[72] [73]

The Turkmenistan Parliament abolished term limits for the presidency in September 2016, which allowed Berdimuhamedow to run for a third term.[74]

In Jan 2018, Berdimuhamedow ordered the impounding of black cars in the majuscule considering he considered the color white to be "lucky." Police seized dark-colored vehicles in Ashgabat and their owners were told they must pay to have them repainted silver or white. The majuscule, known as the 'Metropolis of White Marble', holds the earth record for the highest concentration of white-marble buildings. Berdimuhamedow is a known lover of the color white, living in a white palace and travelling in white limousines.[75] It was later reported that the ban extended to vehicles of all colors except white.[76]

In July 2018, he appeared in a rap video with his grandson. He had previously lifted weights on camera, and also acted equally DJ.[77]

By prescript of Berdimuhamedow in January 2019, the government will gradually end state funding of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan; it will be phased out in three years.[78]

Violation of individual rights [edit]

The Obozrevatel magazine named Berdimuhamedow the 5th of the 23 worst dictators in the world. In the Press Liberty Index (Reporters Without Borders), Turkmenistan ranks 176 out of 178.[79]

Turkmenistan leads in the number of political prisoners from all countries of the former Soviet Spousal relationship.[fourscore]

Abuse [edit]

The country'southward economy is nether total state command. Numerous attempts to attract foreign investors into the country frequently terminate in lawsuits in international courts.[ citation needed ] In 2018, the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (arbitration, office of the Globe Bank grouping of organizations) received claims confronting Turkmenistan from Sece Inşaat (Turkey) and investment company Unionmatex Industrieanlagen GmbH (Germany).[ citation needed ]

In 2019, the Byelorussian construction company Belgorkhimprom also filed a similar claim with the courtroom, to which Turkmenistan should pay about $200 meg.[81] [82]

Investors talk about discrimination past the Turkmen authorities, politicized bureaucracy, and a high level of corruption.[83]

In the Transparency International Corruption Perception Index, Turkmenistan ranked 161 among 180 countries in 2018. This is the lowest rating amid countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.[84] [85]

In 2019, Turkmenistan ranked 164th amid 180 countries in the ranking of economical liberty.[86]

Cult of personality [edit]

He uses the honorific title Arkadag, translating to "protector" in the Turkmen language.[87]

Role of male parent and grandfather in cult of personality [edit]

Berdimuhamedow'south grandad and father both serve as part of his cult of personality. His granddad, Berdimuhamed Annayev, has since 2018 been a posthumous recipient of the Russian Gild of Honour, being one of two awards he holds (the other existence the Soviet Order of the Badge of Honour).[88] The Berdimuhamed Annayev 1st Specialized Military School of the Ministry building of Defence is named in his honour. A museum in the defense force ministry is besides named afterward him. In May 2020, a special delegation from Russia led past Deputy Minister of Defense force Alexander Fomin[89] brought the banner of Annayev'south unit to Ashgabat,[90] [91] being trooped through the square in forepart of the Halk Hakydasy Memorial Circuitous during the inaugural Victory Day Parade in the upper-case letter.

On 1 September 2009, Secondary School No. 27 was renamed later Berdimuhamed Annaev and was opened with his son at the opening anniversary.[92] In October 2012, the Principal Drama Theater of Turkmenistan staged a play based on Berdimuhamedov's book about his grandpa called "Good Proper name Imperishable".[93] Military Unit 1001 of the Ministry building of Internal Affairs is named in honor of Berdimuhamedow's father,[94] Malikguly Berdimuhamedow. In improver, in the town of Yzgant, the Palace of Civilization is named later Berdimuhamedow's male parent, and a bosom of him stands in forepart of information technology.[95]

Honours [edit]

Arkadag binasy, the gilded statuary statue of Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, mounted, in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan

Domestic awards [edit]

  • 1994 – Star of President Order[ citation needed ]
  • 2016 - Medal «Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 25 ýyllygyna» (25 Years of Turkmenistan's Independence)[96]
  • 2019 - «Hormatly il ýaşulusy» (Honorary Elderberry of the State)[97]
  • 2021 - «Türkmenistanyň ussat halypa seýsi» (Master Equestrian of Turkmenistan)[98]
  • 2022 - Skillful Diplomat of Turkmenistan[99]

Strange awards [edit]

Personal life [edit]

Family unit [edit]

According to a cablevision from the U.S. diplomatic mission in Ashgabat, Berdimuhamedow is married and has three daughters and i son. One of his sons-in-police force, Yhlasgeldi Amanov, headed the Turkmen State Bureau for Management and Apply of Hydrocarbon Resources in London, was later assigned to the Turkmenistan Embassies in Berlin and London, and as of 23 Nov 2019 was Turkmenistan's consul general in Dubai.[118] The other son-in-law is also a diplomat, with a prior posting in Paris, merely later assigned to Brussels.[24]

According to the same leaked cables, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow has a mistress, Marina, a Russian nurse, whom he supposedly met earlier in his dentist career. They accept a daughter together. Berdimuhamedow's wife has been living in London since 2007.[24] His son, Serdar Berdimuhamedow, is a colonel in the Armed Forces and has held a serial of high government posts, culminating in appointment as a deputy chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers.[119] [120] [121] [122] At least iii of Berdimuhamedow's grandchildren report in Switzerland: Kerimguly, Ogulbäbek, and Aýgül.[123] According to a biography of Berdimuhamedow'south father, Malikguly, published in 2012, Berdimuhamedow has five sisters: Durdynabat (built-in 1960), Gulnabat (born 1962), Mähri (born 1964), Guljamal (built-in 1969), and Oguljamal (born 1974).[23]

On xviii April 2021, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow's father, Malikguly Berdimuhamedow, reportedly died at the historic period of 89.[124] [125]

Hobbies [edit]

During his spare time from beingness President, from his dentistry career and from his political career, he writes books that are pop in Turkmenistan co-ordinate to Turkmen propaganda.[126] [127] [128] [129] Aside from writing books, he is known for writing songs, DJing and engaging in wellness activities.[130] [131]

In 2019, Berdimuhamedow was awarded the highest laurels of the International Cycling Spousal relationship (UCI) for his country's delivery to the sport.[132]

Health [edit]

On xx July 2019, the YouTube channel of a Turkmen opposition media outlet announced that Berdimuhamedow had reportedly died while on holiday at the historic period of 61. He was said to have been on leave since xv July. These reports were published by multiple Russian media outlets on the next day.[133] [134] The Turkmen Administrator to Kyrgyzstan, Shadurdy Mereov, and the Kyrgyz Ministry of Foreign Affairs denied these claims on 21 July. Co-ordinate to Relate of Turkmenistan, Berdimuhamedow went to Germany because his female parent was receiving medical handling in that location, and her condition was critical.[135]

Run into also [edit]

  • Politics of Turkmenistan

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Turkmen Cyrillic: Гурбангулы Мәликгулиевич Бердимухамедов, Turkmen pronunciation: [ɢʊɾbɑnʁʊˈlɯ mælɪk'ɢʊlɯjɛβɪtʃ bɛɾdɯmʊxɑmɛˈdoβ]; Russian: Гурбангулы Мяликгулыевич Бердымухамедов , tr. Kurbankuli Malikkuliyevich Berdymukhametov
  2. ^ Gurbanguly Berdymuhamedov, Berdymukhammedov; Although Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow is the but Turkmen form, and Turkmen, written with Latin alphabet, is the but official language of Turkmenistan, Western sources generally use the Russian form "Гурбангулы" or "Курбанкулы Мяликгулыевич Бердымухам(м)едов," using diverse transcriptions.[ii] [three] [iv] [5] [6] [vii] [8] [9] [10]
  3. ^ The English language version of the website of the presidency uses the spelling Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov. [11]

References [edit]

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External links [edit]

  • Presidency's official website Archived 19 September 2013 at the Wayback Motorcar
  • Berdimuhamedow's Instagram Folio
Political offices
Preceded by

Orazgeldi Aýdogdyýew

 Vice-President of Turkmenistan
2001–2007 		Succeeded by

Raşit Meredow
Preceded by

Saparmurat Niyazov

 President of Turkmenistan
2007–nowadays 		Incumbent

salterspoicken.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurbanguly_Berdimuhamedow

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